Hi,
can you try installing a fresh system image once again and then flashing the firmware once again?
The problem with lack of transform is caused because there is no odometry information from the CORE2 board.
Replying to a question about adding parameter it means adding rosbot_pro:=true after the launch file. This launches all nodes with parameters for the Pro version of rosbot.
Also, are you using ROS 2 of ROS 1? At first you are mentioning you are using ROS Foxy, but later you are using commands from ROS 1.
Best regards,
Krzysztof Wojciechowski.