Hello Thijs,
You can verify if package is installed with:
apt-cache policy ros-kinetic-cmake-modules
This will show installed version if it is installed and newest version that can be installed.
Further, you can check with:
dpkg-query -L ros-kinetic-cmake-modules
This will list all files of the package and their locations.
All packages are allowed to be installed on ROSbot, there are no restrictions on it.
Regards,
Łukasz